Bats of the Caribbean
The bat fauna of the Caribbean region is diverse.
For the purposes of this article, the "Caribbean" includes all islands in the Caribbean Sea (except for small islets close to the mainland) and the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Barbados, which are not in the Caribbean Sea but biogeographically belong to the same Caribbean bioregion.
Overview
The genera of Caribbean bats are classified as follows:[1]
- Order Chiroptera
- Family Emballonuridae
- Family Furipteridae: Furipterus
- Family Molossidae
- Family Mormoopidae: Mormoops, Pteronotus
- Family Natalidae: Chilonatalus, Natalus, Nyctiellus
- Family Noctilionidae: Noctilio
- Family Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily Brachyphyllinae: Brachyphylla
- Subfamily Carolliinae: Carollia
- Subfamily Desmodontinae: Desmodus, Diaemus
- Subfamily Glossophaginae
- Subfamily Phyllonycterinae: Erophylla, Phyllonycteris
- Subfamily Phyllostominae: Glyphonycteris, Lampronycteris, Lonchorhina, Lophostoma, Macrotus, Micronycteris, Mimon, Phyllostomus, Tonatia, Trachops, Trinycteris, Vampyrum
- Subfamily Stenodermatinae
- Tribe Stenodermatini: Ametrida, Ardops, Ariteus, Artibeus, Centurio, Chiroderma, Cubanycteris, Mesophylla, Phyllops, Platyrrhinus, Stenoderma, Uroderma, Vampyrodes
- Tribe Sturnirini: Sturnira
- Family Thyropteridae: Thyroptera
- Family Vespertilionidae
Greater Antilles and associated islands
The four islands of the Greater Antilles, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico, and the surrounding smaller islands are home to a diverse indigenous bat fauna.
Cuba
Cuba, the largest of the Antilles, and its surrounding islands, of which the Isla de la Juventud is the most significant, harbor a diverse bat fauna.
Isla de la Juventud
Isla de la Juventud is a large island south of Cuba and politically part of it.
Grand Cayman
Grand Cayman is the largest of the Cayman Islands, a group of British islands west of Jamaica and south of Cuba.
Little Cayman
Little Cayman, also part of the Cayman Islands, is located east of Grand Cayman and just west of Cayman Brac.
Cayman Brac
Cayman Brac is the easternmost of the Cayman Islands.
Jamaica
Navassa Island
Navassa Island is a small United States island between Jamaica and Hispaniola.
Hispaniola
Hispaniola, the second largest of the Antilles, is politically divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Various bats are known from both the main island and several surrounding islands, including Gonâve Island.
Gonâve
Gonâve Island is an island off western Haiti.
Puerto Rico
Several bats are known from Puerto Rico, the easternmost of the Greater Antilles, which is under United States sovereignty.
Leeward Islands
The Leeward Islands form the northern segment of the Lesser Antilles.
U.S. Virgin Islands
The United States Virgin Islands are a group of islands east of Puerto Rico, centered around the three main islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John and Saint Croix.
St. Croix
St. Thomas
St. John
British Virgin Islands
Anguilla
Anguilla is a British island.
Saint Martin
The island of Saint Martin is divided into a French and a Dutch part.
Saint Barthelemy
Saba
Sint Eustatius
Sint Eustatius is a small island near Saint Kitts that is part of the Netherlands.
Saint Kitts
Saint Kitts forms the nation of Saint Kitts and Nevis together with nearby Nevis.
Nevis
Nevis is the second main island of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Antigua
Antigua forms Antigua and Barbuda together with Barbuda.
Barbuda
Barbuda is the other main island of Antigua and Barbuda.
Montserrat
Montserrat is a small British island.
Guadeloupe
The double island of Guadeloupe, which consists of two parts separated only by a narrow channel, is the core of the French overseas department of Guadeloupe.
La Désirade
La Désirade is a small island east of Guadeloupe.
Marie Galante
Marie Galante is a smaller island that politically belongs to nearby Guadeloupe.
Dominica
Dominica, the southernmost of the Leeward Islands, is an independent state.
Windward Islands
The bat fauna of the Windward Islands is more diverse than that of the Leeward Islands, reflecting the islands' location closer to the South American mainland.
Martinique
Martinique is a French overseas department.
Saint Lucia
The island of Saint Lucia is an independent state.
Saint Vincent
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an independent state, composed of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern portion of the Grenadines.
Grenadines
Grenada
The island of Grenada, the southernmost of the main island chain of the Lesser Antilles, is part of an independent state that also comprises the southern Grenadines, including Carriacou.
Barbados
Barbados lies east of the main island chain of the Lesser Antilles.
Trinidad
Trinidad, the larger island of Trinidad and Tobago, is close to mainland Venezuela and as a result has a very diverse bat fauna, including over 60 species, more than on any other Caribbean island, including much larger islands such as Cuba and Hispaniola.[88]
Tobago
Tobago is the smaller of the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, located to the northeast of Trinidad.
ABC islands
The ABC islands are three islands off northwestern Venezuela that are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Bonaire
Bonaire is the easternmost of the ABC islands.
Curaçao
Curaçao is the largest of the ABC islands.
Aruba
Aruba is the smallest of the ABC islands and the closest to the mainland.
Miscellaneous
Florida Keys
The Florida Keys are a group of islands near the Florida mainland.
Bahamas
The Bahamas are a large archipelago north of Cuba and east of Florida.
- Artibeus jamaicensis (Mayaguana, Great Inagua)[4][6]
- Brachyphylla nana (extinct; Andros, New Providence)[3][8]
- Chilonatalus tumidifrons (Andros; extinct on Abaco, Exuma, New Providence)[3][158]
- Eptesicus fuscus (Abaco, New Providence, Andros, Great Exuma, Little Exuma, Crooked Island, Acklin's Island, Long Island, San Salvador)[3][6]
- Erophylla sezekorni (Great Abaco, Eleuthera, Long Island, Cat Island, Great Exuma, Little Exuma, San Salvador, Crooked Island, Acklin's Island, Great Inagua, Andros, Mayaguana, New Providence)[3][6][13]
- Lasiurus minor (Andros)[3][53]
- Lonchorhina aurita (New Providence, dubious)[113]
- Macrotus waterhousii (Abaco, Andros, New Providence, Great Exuma, Great Inagua, Cat Island, Long Island)[3][6][20]
- Monophyllus redmani (Abaco, Andros, New Providence; extinct)[3][22]
- Mormoops blainvillei (Abaco, Exuma, New Providence; extinct)[3][23][60]
- Mormoops megalophylla (Abaco, Andros; extinct)[3]
- Myotis cf. austroriparius (Abaco; extinct)[3]
- Natalus primus (Abaco, Andros, New Providence; extinct)[26]
- Noctilio leporinus (Great Inagua)[6][27]
- Nyctiellus lepidus (Long Island, Cat Island, Little Exuma, Eleuthera; extinct on Andros)[3][6][29]
- Phyllonycteris poeyi (Abaco, New Providence; extinct)[3]
- Pteronotus macleayii (New Providence, extinct)[3][36]
- Pteronotus parnelli (Abaco, New Providence; extinct)[3]
- Pteronotus quadridens (Abaco, Andros, New Providence; extinct)[3][39]
- Tadarida brasiliensis (Little Exuma, Abaco; extinct on New Providence)[3][6]
Turks and Caicos Islands
The Turks and Caicos Islands are a group of British islands east of the Bahamas.
Cozumel
Cozumel is a large island near the mainland of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. In addition to the species listed here, Centurio senex, a species of Corynorhinus (possibly C. mexicanus), Glossophaga soricina, Mimon cozumelae, and Molossus rufus have also been mentioned for the island, but the specimens these records were based on may have come from mainland Mexico instead.[159]
Lighthouse Reef
Lighthouse Reef is a coral atoll off Belize.
Roatán
Roatán is a Honduran island in the southern Caribbean.
San Andrés
San Andrés is a Colombian island, part of the department of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, isolated in the southwestern Caribbean.
Providencia
Providencia, also known as Old Providence, is another Colombian island in the San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina department.
Escudo de Veraguas
Escudo de Veraguas is a small island off northwestern Panama. Despite the fact that it has been isolated from the mainland for only 9000 years, it supports at least two mammals that occur nowhere else, including the bat Artibeus incomitatus and a sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus.[168] Several other mammals on the island also differ from mainland forms.[169]
Isla Margarita
Isla Margarita is the largest island of Venezuela. Like Trinidad and Tobago, Isla Margarita is a land-bridge island with a relatively diverse bat fauna.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Simmons, 2005
- ^ Antrozous pallidus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp Morgan, 2001, table 1
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Artibeus jamaicensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae P.A. Larsen et al., 2007
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy Timm and Genoways, 2003
- ^ a b c d e f g Brachyphylla nana in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay Genoways et al., 2005
- ^ a b c d e Chilonatalus micropus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Mancina and García-Rivera, 2005
- ^ Suárez, 2005
- ^ a b c d e f g Eptesicus fuscus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f Erophylla sezekorni in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Eumops glaucinus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b McDonough et al., 2008
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 438
- ^ Lasiurus insularis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d Simmons, 2005, p. 460
- ^ Lasiurus pfeifferi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Macrotus waterhousii in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d Simmons, 2005, p. 407
- ^ a b c d e Monophyllus redmani in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mormoops blainvillei in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Mormopterus minutus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Natalus primus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d Tejedor et al., 2005, p. 22
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Noctilio leporinus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Nycticeius cubanus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Nyctiellus lepidus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Nyctinomops laticaudatus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Nyctinomops macrotis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Phyllonycteris poeyi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e Phyllops falcatus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Tavares and Mancina, 2008
- ^ a b c Suárez and Díaz-Franco, 2003
- ^ a b c d Pteronotus macleayii in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Mancinna, 2005
- ^ a b c d e f g h Pteronotus parnellii in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e Pteronotus quadridens in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Tadarida brasiliensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Morgan, 1994a
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Morgan, 1994b
- ^ Ariteus flavescens in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Eumops auripendulus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Simmons, 2005, p. 437
- ^ a b c d Glossophaga soricina in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Simmons, 2005, p. 400
- ^ Lasiurus degelidus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 459
- ^ Natalus jamaicensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Phyllonycteris aphylla in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Erophylla bombifrons in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Lasiurus minor in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Natalus major in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Brachyphylla cavernarum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Monophyllus plethodon in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Stenoderma rufum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Kwiecinski and Coles, 2007
- ^ a b c d e f Genoways et al., 2007a
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pedersen et al., 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Natalus stramineus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tejedor, 2006, p. 367
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Genoways et al., 2007b
- ^ a b c d e Myotis nigricans in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e Larsen et al., 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g Genoways et al., 2007c
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ardops nichollsi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g Pedersen et al., 2005
- ^ a b c d e f g h Pedersen et al., 2001
- ^ a b c d e f g Pedersen et al., 2007
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j R.J. Larsen et al., 2007
- ^ a b Chiroderma improvisum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Pedersen et al., 1996
- ^ a b Sturnira thomasi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Genoways, 1998
- ^ Eptesicus guadeloupensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Myotis dominicensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Pteronotus davyi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sturnira lilium in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Myotis martiniquensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d Artibeus lituratus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Glossophaga longirostris in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e Simmons, 2005, p. 508
- ^ a b Anoura geoffroyi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Genoways et al., 1998
- ^ a b c d e Peropteryx trinitatis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g Simmons, 2005, p. 390
- ^ Geluso et al., 2005, pp. 1–2; Simmons, 2005
- ^ a b Ametrida centurio in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs Goodwin and Greenhall, 1961, table 2
- ^ a b Gardner, 2007, p. 316
- ^ a b Simmons, 2005, p. 419
- ^ Carollia brevicauda in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Carollia perspicillata in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Gardner, 2007, p. 214
- ^ a b Centurio senex in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Chiroderma trinitatum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Chiroderma villosum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 399
- ^ Cynomops greenhalli in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Desmodus rotundus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Diaemus youngi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Diclidurus albus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Simmons, 2005, p. 422
- ^ a b Eptesicus brasiliensis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Furipterus horrens in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Glyphonycteris daviesi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Simmons, 2005, p. 404
- ^ Glyphonycteris sylvestris in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Lampronycteris brachyotis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 458
- ^ Lasiurus ega in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Lonchorhina aurita in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Lophostoma brasiliense in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 406
- ^ Mesophylla macconnelli in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Micronycteris hirsuta in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Gardner, 2007, p. 275
- ^ a b Micronycteris megalotis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Micronycteris minuta in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Mimon crenulatum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f Molossus molossus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Molossus rufus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Molossus sinaloae in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e Mormoops megalophylla in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Myotis keaysi in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Myotis riparius in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d Natalus tumidirostris in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 447
- ^ a b Phyllostomus discolor in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Phyllostomus hastatus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Platyrrhinus helleri in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Promops centralis in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Promops nasutus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Pteronotus personatus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Rhogeessa io in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Baird et al., 2008, p. 749
- ^ Rhynchonycteris naso in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Saccopteryx bilineata in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Saccopteryx leptura in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Thyroptera tricolor in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Tonatia saurophila in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Trachops cirrhosus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Trinycteris nicefori in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Uroderma bilobatum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b Vampyrodes caraccioli in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Vampyrum spectrum in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 431
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Koopman, 1959, p. 238
- ^ a b c d Leptonycteris curasoae in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c Myotis nesopolus in IUCN, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h Petit, 1996
- ^ a b c d e f g Bakker, 1999
- ^ Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 78
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 440
- ^ Lazell, 1989, p. 70
- ^ Lazell, 1989, p. 71
- ^ Chilonatalus tumidifrons in IUCN, 2009
- ^ Jones and Lawlor, 1965, p. 418
- ^ a b c d Engstrom et al., 1989
- ^ a b c d Jones and Lawlor, 1965, p. 412
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Koopman, 1959, p. 237
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 458, for taxonomy
- ^ Jones and Lawlor, 1965, p. 413
- ^ Tejedor, 2007, for taxonomy
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 447, for taxonomy
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 441, for taxonomy
- ^ Anderson and Handley, 2001
- ^ a b c d e f g Kalko and Handley, 1994, p. 270
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